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Megento

Magento is a configuration-based MVC system. The alternative to this would a convention-based MVC system.

In a convention-based MVC system, if you wanted to add, say, a new Controller or maybe a new Model, you'd just create the file/class, and the system would pick it up automatically.

In a configuration-based system, like Magento, in addition to adding the new file/class to the codebase, you often need to explicitly tell the system about the new class, or new group of classes. In Magento, each Module has a file named config.xml. This file contains all the relevant configuration for a Magento Module. At runtime, all these files are loaded into one large configuration tree.

For example, want to use Models in your custom Module? You'll need to add some code to config.xml that tells Magento you want to use Models, as well as what the base class name for all your Models should be.